What is genital herpes? Learn about the types and symptoms of herpes, as well as the risk factors for genital herpes. Katherine McGowan, M.D., infectious disease specialist, Brigham & Women’s Faulkner Hospital, discusses how genital herpes is spread and how it can be treated.

For more information on genital herpes: https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/genital-herpes-risk-factors-treatments

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0:00 – Intro
0:24 – What is Genital Herpes?
0:45 – The Types
1:01 – Risk Factors
1:14 – Symptoms & Treatment
4:02 – Herpes & Having Sex

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Genital Herpes: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment | Mass General Brigham https://youtu.be/M9jTr_m40mI

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Herpes simplex virus infections are among the one of the most frequent viruses.

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The herpes simplex virus is categorized into 2 types: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Herpes virus type 1 causes oral herpes. And mainly transmitted by oral to oral contact.
Herpes virus type 2 is a sexually transmitted infection and it causes genital herpes.

Type 1 or Oral Herpes is mostly asymptomatic, but symptoms can include painful blisters or open sores (ulcers) in or around the mouth which is called cold sores.
Before appearance of blisters, the infected person can have some sensations on the skin like: Tingling, itching or burning around their mouth.
These symptoms can recur periodically, and the frequency varies from person to person.
The gold standard for diagnosing HSV-1 infection is HSV-1 serology.
Treatment: topical Docosanol, a saturated fatty alcohol is safe and effective against oral herpes. It is approved by FDA.
Also, the current recommendation is oral valacyclovir (2 grams twice daily for one day).
Effective antiviral medications include acyclovir and penciclovir.
Famciclovir or valacyclovir, taken in pill form, can be effective using a single day.
In immunocompromised patients, more aggressive treatment is needed.
People with symptoms of oral herpes should avoid oral contact with others including: kissing, oral sex, sharing objects that touched saliva.
It can be transmitted from oral or skin surfaces that appear normal; however, the greatest risk of transmission is when there are active sores

Symptoms of Genital Herpes:
Genital herpes can be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms that go unrecognized.
When symptoms occur, it characterized by one or more genital or anal blisters or ulcers. Additionally, symptoms of a new infection often include fever, body aches and swollen lymph nodes.
After an initial episode, which can be severe, symptoms may recur.
Genital herpes or type 2 herpes transmitted during sex through contact with genital or anal surfaces of someone infected with the virus. HSV-2 can be transmitted even if the skin looks normal and is often transmitted in the absence of symptoms.
In Case of genital Herpes, Primary infections with multiple ulcerating lesions will resolve after approximately 19 days, regardless of treatment interventions.
Treatment:
Acyclovir 400 mg tablets orally, 3 Times per day, for 7 to 10 days.
Valacyclovir 500 mg. 2 times per day. For 7-10 days.

In immunocompromised people, both herpes can have serious and severe symptoms, including meningoencephalitis. Brain inflammation. It can be fatal in case of both of herpes types.
Such cases treatment can be aggressive and chronic.
Epidemiology.
Herpesvirus type 1 is very common. It affects almost 67 % of population.
Herpesvirus type 2 is less common. It affects 13 % of world population.
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Genital warts are a dermatologic manifestation of a sexually transmitted infection, caused by the epidermotropic human papilloma virus.
Risk factors for getting genital warts include, having multiple sex partners, smoking, use of oral contraceptive pills, and sexual intercourse at a very young age.
Human papilloma virus is a double stranded DNA virus, which has more than 100 different types.
Out of these, about 35 types have the affinity to genital sites.
There are two categories of genital HPV exist: the low-risk benign type, and the high-risk neoplastic type.
Low risk types 6 and 11 are responsible for most genital warts, accounting for more than 90% of cases.
Warts caused by these strains are least likely to be transformed into malignancy.
Frequently affected sites include penis, vulva and the vagina, uterine cervix, perineum, and peri anal region.
Occasionally, oropharynx; larynx; and trachea can be affected due to oral sex. The disease is primarily transmitted via sexual intercourse. However, less frequently, it can be transmitted by direct contact, and indirect contact through fomites.
They appear as multiple, painless bumps, often associated with pruritis and discharge. In most cases, more than one area is involved. In addition, there may be features of other co existent sexually transmitted infections.
Rarely, urethral bleeding may occur due to obstruction of the urethral meatus. Peri anal lesions may be seen in individuals who have anal sex. Complications of genital warts include local disfigurement, transformation into genitourinary malignancies, transmission to the child during delivery. And recurrence.
If left untreated, three things can happen.
They may resolve spontaneously, or progress into larger lesions with an increase in their number, or remain unchanged.
Major treatment options include the following.
Cryotherapy, where liquid nitrogen is sprayed to ablate the lesions, electrodessication and curettage, surgical excision of the lesions, which has the highest success rate and lowest recurrence rate, carbon dioxide laser treatment, which requires local, regional, or general anesthesia, and infrared coagulation, which causes tissue coagulation and necrosis.
Medical therapy includes acid applications. Interferon injections. And medications for house use, including imiquimod cream, podofilox gel or solution, and anti-proliferative agents such as 5 fluorouracil.

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Do you have genital herpes? Many people ask, “How can I cure herpes?” Once you have herpes, you have it for life, but there are ways to treat and manage this common infection. This video describes how to treat genital herpes.

0:00 Overview
0:16 What is genital herpes?
0:56 What are outbreaks?
1:39 How to treat herpes?
3:10 What about creams and lotions for herpes?
3:38 What to do during an outbreak?
4:35 Recap

More resources:
https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm
https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/herpes/

Dr. Marisa Holubar, MD, MS is a Clinical Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases at Stanford Medicine.

The information in this video was accurate as of the upload date, 6/9/2022. For information purposes only. Consult your local medical authority or your healthcare practitioner for advice.

This video is a production of the Stanford Center for Health Education team, in collaboration with Stanford Medicine and the Stanford Center for Professional Development.

At the Stanford Center for Health Education, we believe that expanding access to engaging education has the power to change behaviors, improve health, and save lives.

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What is herpes? Herpes is a virus causing sores most commonly around the mouth (oral herpes) and genitals (genital herpes). Find more videos at http://osms.it/more.

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Dr. H. Hunter Handsfield explains the basics about genital herpes, including the difference between genital HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, testing options and the importance of knowing virus type, and the three-prong strategy for prevention.

Learn mored about herpes and download the companion fact sheet at www.ashasexualhealth.org/

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Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).They are generally pink in color and project out from the surface of the skin.Usually they cause few symptoms, but can occasionally be painful. Typically they appear one to eight months following exposure.Warts are the most easily recognized symptom of genital HPV infection.

HPV types 6 and 11 are the typical cause of genital warts. It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner.Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and can be confirmed by biopsy. The types of HPV that cause cancer are not the same as those that cause warts.

Some HPV vaccines can prevent genital warts as may condoms.[Treatment options include creams such as podophyllin, imiquimod, and trichloroacetic acid.Cryotherapy or surgery may also be an option. After treatment warts often resolve within 6 months.Without treatment, in up to a third of cases they resolve on their own.

About 1% of people in the United States have genital warts.Many people, however, are infected and do not have symptoms.Without vaccination nearly all sexually active people will get some type of HPV at one point in their lives.The disease has been known at least since the time of Hippocrates in 300 BC
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