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The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have trouble swallowing.
——-
Whether you’re a biology buff or just curious about how your body works, this video is for you. So sit back, relax, and get ready to “digest” some fascinating facts about your digestive system!

Welcome to “Digest This: A 2-Minute Tour of Your Digestive Organs”! In this video, we’ll take you on a fascinating journey through your digestive system, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus.

You’ll learn about all the organs involved in digestion, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. We’ll explain how each organ works, what its main functions are, and how they all work together to break down food and extract the nutrients your body needs to thrive.

Along the way, we’ll also discuss some common digestive issues, such as acid reflux, constipation, and diarrhea, and what you can do to prevent or alleviate them.
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How the Digestive System Works
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Introduction: 0:00
Ovaries: 0:50
Uterine Tube: 09:10
Uterus: 13:01
Vagina: 21:48
External Genital Organs: 25:56
Vestibule: 26:28
Labia Minora/Inner Lips: 27:25
Clitoris: 27:57
Bulb of Vestibule: 28:36
Labia Majora/Outer Lips: 29:06
Mons Pubis: 29:49
Summary: 30:06

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Internal Genital Organs
Ovary
– Inner Structures
○ Tunica Albuginea (tunica albuginea ovarii)
○ Ovarian Cortex (cortex ovarii)
○ Ovarian medulla (medulla ovarii)
○ Follicules
– External Structures
○ Mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus)
○ Free Border (margo liber)
○ Tubal Extremity (extremitas tubaria)
○ Uterine extremity (extremitas uterina)
○ Medial Surface (facies medialis)
○ Lateral Surface (facies lateralis)
– Fixation of the Ovary
○ Ligament of Ovary (ligamentum ovarii proprium)
○ Suspensory ligament of ovary (ligamentum suspensorium ovarii)
○ Mesovarium

Growth and Maturation of Follicules:
– Primordial Follicule
○ Contain primary oocyte
○ Single layer of follicular cells
– Primary Follicules (after puberty, FSH)
○ Granulosa Cells
– Secondary Follicle
○ Primary Oocyte
○ Zona Pellicida
○ Granulosa Cells
○ Follicular Fluid
○ Produce Estrogen
○ Antrum
○ Theca Folliculi
– Graafian Follicle / Tertiary Follicle
– Secondary oocyte. Ovulation
– Corpus Luteum
– Corpus Albicans

Uterine Tube (tuba uterina)
– Parts of uterine tube:
○ Infundibulum (infundibulum tubae uterinae)
§ Abdominal Ostium (ostium abdominale)
§ Fimbriae (fimbriae tubae uterina)
§ Ovarian Fimbria (fimbria ovarica)
○ Ampulla (ampulla tubae uterinae)
○ Isthmus (isthmus tubae uterinae)
○ Uterine Part (pars uterina)
§ Uterine ostium (ostium uterinum)
– Walls of Uterine tube:
○ Tunica Mucosa
○ Tunica Muscularis
○ Tunica Serosa
○ Mesosalpinx

Uterus
– Parts:
○ Positioned in anteflexion
○ Fundus of uterus (fundus uteri)
○ Body of Uterus (corpus uteri)
○ Intestinal (posterior) surface (facies intestinalis)
○ Vesical (anterior) surface
○ Border of uterus (margo uteri)
○ Cervix of uterus
Supravaginal part (portio supravaginalis cervicis)
Vaginal Part
○ Uterine horn
○ Uterine cavity
○ The uterine opening of the oviduct (ostium uterinum tubae uternae)
○ Cervical Canal (canalis cervicis
○ External os of uterus (ostium uteri)
§ Anterior lip of cervix (labium anterius)
§ Posterior lip of cervix (labium posterius)
§ Nullipara: small and round opening
§ Primipara/multipara: narrow fissure
– Internal Structures (histology):
○ Endometrium
§ Functional Layer (stratum functionalis)
□ Simple columnar epithelium
□ Endometrium Stroma
□ Uterine Glands
§ Basal Layer (stratum basalis)
○ Myometrium
§ Longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle
§ Middle layer (stratum vasculare)
§ Arcuate Arteries
§ Radial Arteries
§ Straight arteries and Spiral arteries
○ Perimetrium
– Fixation of the Uterus
○ Peritoneal Folds
§ Broad Ligament of Uterus (ligamentum latum uteri) formed by peritoneum
– Mesovarium
– Mesosalpinx
– Mesometrium
○ Parametrial Ligments
§ Cardinal ligament of uterus (ligamentum cardinale uteri)
§ Vesico-uterine ligament (ligamentum vesicouterinum)
§ Pubocervical ligament (ligamentum pubocervicale)
§ Uterosacral ligaments (ligamenta sacrouterina)
§ Recto-uterine ligament (ligamentum rectouterinum)
§ Round ligament of uterus (ligamentum teres uteri)
○ Supporting apparatus of uterus
§ Perineal Muscles
§ Levator Ani Muscle (musculus levator anii)

Vagina (vagina)
– Vagina Orifice (ostium vaginae)
– Vestibule (vestibulum vaginae)
– Vaginal Canal (canalis vaginalis)
– Anterior wall (paries anterior)
– Posterior wall (paries posterior)
– Vaginal Fornix (fornix vaginae)
○ Anterior part (pars anterior)
○ Posterior aprt (pars posterior)
○ Lateral parts
– Hymen
○ Clinical significance: imperforated hymen may require medical intervention
– Urethrovaginal septum (Septum Urethrovaginale)
– Rectovaginal septum (septum rectovaginale)
– Recto-uterine pouch / Pouch of douglas (excavatio rectouterina douglasi)

Vaginal Wall (histology):
– Mucosa
○ Forms transverse folds
○ Estrogen promotes storage of glycogen
– Muscularis

External Genital Organs:
– Vestibule
○ Lesser vestibular glands (glandulae vestibulares minores)
○ Greater vestibular glands / Bartolin’s glands (glandula vestibularis major bartholini). May form barthlin’s cyst
– Labia Minora (labia minora pudendi)
– Clitoris
○ Glans of clitoris (glans clitoridis)
○ Body of clitoris (corpus clitoridis)
○ Crura of clitoris (crura clitoridis)
○ Prepuce of clitoris (preputium of clitoridis)
– Bulb of vestibule (bulbus vestibuli)
– Labia Majora / outer lips (labio majora pudendi)
– Mons Pubis

Sources:
Memorix
Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical
Biorender
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Looking at the anatomy of the internal structures of the female reproductive system, I’ve split this into two parts. Let’s cover the major organs of the pelvis first, and then the ligaments in the second part. I also talk a little about the menstrual cycle and its effects on the uterus, look at the site of fertilisation, and how oocytes, spermatozoa and blastocysts move around.

Music by Ryan Cullinane
(http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Ryan_Cullinane/)
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Human reproduction is complicated and important, and it’s going to take a four-part series for us to cover it. Today, we’re kicking that off with the female reproductive system, starting with how sex hormones affect oogenesis and ovulation, continuing through how the ovarian and menstrual cycles mature and release oocytes, and creating a comfy uterine environment for a fertilized egg.

Pssst… we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

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Chapters:
Introduction: Human Reproduction 00:00
External Female Reproductive Organs 1:49
Ovaries Structure & Function 2:28
Ovarian Follicles and Oogenesis 3:15
The Ovarian Cycle 4:05
Fallopian Tubes 6:53
The Uterus 7:10
The Menstrual Cycle 7:45
Review 9:11

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This brief video tutorial is Part 1/3 of a series on the Female Reproductive system. This tutorial focuses on the pelvic organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina) including topography, function and vascular supply.
0:00. Introduction
0:43 Ovaries
0:50 Ovaries. Topography
1:24 Ovaries. Ovarian ligament
2:18 Ovaries. Function (produce oocytes, estrogen, progesterone)
3:37 Ovary. Vascular supply
6:14 Uterine Tubes
6:22 Uterine tubes. Different names, functions and parts
8:20 Uterus
8:27 Uterus. Function, layers and parts
10:55 Uterus. Arterial supply
12:00 Uterus. Cardinal ligament
14:29 Uterus. Round ligament of the uterus
15:11 Uterus. Broad ligament
20:34 Gubernaculum – Ovarian ligament and Round ligament remnants
23:54 Vagina. Functions and parts
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ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Fallopian tubes, Ovaries

The female reproductive system is a complicated but fascinating subject. It has the capability to function intimately with nearly every other body system for the purpose of reproduction.

The female reproductive organs can be subdivided into the internal and external genitalia (see the images below). The internal genitalia is those organs that are within the true pelvis. These include the vagina, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes), and ovaries. The external genitalia lies outside the true pelvis. These include the perineum, mons pubis, clitoris, urethral (urinary) meatus, labia majora and minora, vestibule, greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands, Skene glands, and periurethral area.

Key Points
——————
A female’s internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary.
External structures include the mons pubis, pudendal cleft, labia majora and minora, vulva, Bartholin’s gland, and the clitoris.
The female reproductive system contains two main parts: the uterus, which hosts the developing fetus, produces vaginal and uterine secretions, and passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes; and the ovaries, which produce the anatomically female egg cells.

Key Terms
——————
ovary: A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova and in mammals secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
oviduct: A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior (called fallopian tubes in humans).
vulva: The consists of the female external genital organs.
oogenesis: The formation and development of an ovum.
The human female reproductive system (or female genital system) contains two main parts:

Uterus
———–
Hosts the developing fetus
Produces vaginal and uterine secretions
Passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Produce the anatomically female egg cells.
Produce and secrete estrogen and progesterone
These parts are internal; the vagina meets the external organs at the vulva, which includes the labia, clitoris, and urethra. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the fallopian tubes. At certain intervals, the ovaries release an ovum, which passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus.

If in this transit, it meets with sperm, the sperm penetrates and merges with the egg, fertilizing it. The fertilization usually occurs in the oviducts, but can happen in the uterus itself. The zygote then implants itself in the wall of the uterus, where it begins the process of embryogenesis and morphogenesis. When developed enough to survive outside the womb, the cervix dilates and contractions of the uterus propel the fetus through the birth canal (vagina).

The ova are larger than sperm and have formed by the time an anatomically female infant is born. Approximately every month, a process of oogenesis matures one ovum to be sent down the fallopian tube attached to its ovary in anticipation of fertilization. If not fertilized, this egg is flushed out of the system through menstruation.

An anatomically female’s internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary.
The external components include the mons pubis, pudendal cleft, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin’s glands, and clitoris.

#anatomyoffemalereproductivesystem #femalereproductivesystem #vagina #uterus #cervix #fallopiantubes #externalfemalegenitalia #femaleanatomy #femalegenitalia

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