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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-evolution-of-animal-genitalia-menno-schilthuizen
Genitals are the fastest-evolving organs in the animal kingdom. But why is this so? And whatโs the point of having decorative private parts? Menno Schilthuizen explains how the evolutionary biology of nature’s nether regions uncovers a hidden world of seduction, conflict, and rivalry.
Lesson by Menno Schilthuizen, animation by Mette Ilene Holmriis. Video Rating: / 5
Anatomy of Female reproductive system – External Female Genitalia / Vagina: Part 1- OBG Lectures
The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The next step for the fertilized egg is to implant into the walls of the uterus, beginning the initial stages of pregnancy. If fertilization and/or implantation does not take place, the system is designed to menstruate (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
What Parts Make up the Female Anatomy?
The female reproductive anatomy includes parts inside and outside the body.
The function of the external female reproductive structures (the genitals) is twofold: To enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal genital organs from infectious organisms.
The main external structures of the female reproductive system include:
โข Labia majora: The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs. Literally translated as “large lips,” the labia majora are relatively large and fleshy and are comparable to the scrotum in males. The labia majora contain sweat and oil-secreting glands. After puberty, the labia majora are covered with hair.
โข Labia minora: Literally translated as “small lips,” the labia minora can be very small or up to 2 inches wide. They lie just inside the labia majora and surround the openings to the vagina (the canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body) and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body).
โข Bartholin’s glands: These glands are located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
โข Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males. The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin, called the prepuce, which is similar to the foreskin at the end of the penis. Like the penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect.
The internal reproductive organs in the female include:
โข Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
โข Uterus (womb): The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus. The corpus can easily expand to hold a developing baby. A channel through the cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.
โข Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.
โข Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants into the lining of the uterine wall.
For more information about genital herpes, please visit https://cle.clinic/3DrYJKK
Genital herpes is a lifelong condition. And while that might sound overwhelming, thereโs good news. Genital herpes is manageable with the right education and guidance from your healthcare provider. This video shares treatment options and tips to reduce symptoms during an outbreak.
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:30 What are treatment options for genital herpes?
0:45 Are their triggers for genital herpes outbreaks?
1:26 How can you ease symptoms during an outbreak?
2:00 Talk to your healthcare provider
Resources:
Herpes Simplex: Genital, Oral, Symptoms & Treatment – https://cle.clinic/3DrYJKK
What To Do During a Genital Herpes Outbreak – https://cle.clinic/3AdR7dK
The information in this video was accurate as of 4.21.2023 and is for information purposes only. Consult your local medical authority or your healthcare practitioner for advice.
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What is genital herpes? Learn about the types and symptoms of herpes, as well as the risk factors for genital herpes. Katherine McGowan, M.D., infectious disease specialist, Brigham & Women’s Faulkner Hospital, discusses how genital herpes is spread and how it can be treated.
For more information on genital herpes: https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/genital-herpes-risk-factors-treatments
0:00 – Intro
0:24 – What is Genital Herpes?
0:45 – The Types
1:01 – Risk Factors
1:14 – Symptoms & Treatment
4:02 – Herpes & Having Sex
About Mass General Brigham:
Mass General Brigham combines the strength of two world-class academic medical centers, five nationally ranked specialty hospitals, 11 community hospitals, and dozens of health centers. Our doctors and researchers accelerate medical breakthroughs and drive innovations in patient care. They are leaders in medical education, serving as Harvard Medical School faculty and training the next generation of physicians. Mass General Brighamโs mission is to deliver the best, affordable health care to patients everywhere. Together, we transform the health of our communities and beyond.
#Herpes #GenitalHerpes #MassGeneralBrigham
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Genital Herpes: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment | Mass General Brigham https://youtu.be/M9jTr_m40mI
Dr. O is building an entire video library that will allow anyone to learn Microbiology and Anatomy & Physiology for free. Feel free to reach out if there are any topics you would like him to cover.
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Medical and Health Disclaimer:
This Video Presentation is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or symptom. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen on this informational and educational Video Presentation. Your use and reliance on this Video Presentation is at your sole risk. If you believe you may have a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.
Looking at the anatomy of the internal structures of the female reproductive system, I’ve split this into two parts. Let’s cover the major organs of the pelvis first, and then the ligaments in the second part. I also talk a little about the menstrual cycle and its effects on the uterus, look at the site of fertilisation, and how oocytes, spermatozoa and blastocysts move around.
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Herpes simplex virus infections are among the one of the most frequent viruses.
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The herpes simplex virus is categorized into 2 types: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Herpes virus type 1 causes oral herpes. And mainly transmitted by oral to oral contact.
Herpes virus type 2 is a sexually transmitted infection and it causes genital herpes.
Type 1 or Oral Herpes is mostly asymptomatic, but symptoms can include painful blisters or open sores (ulcers) in or around the mouth which is called cold sores.
Before appearance of blisters, the infected person can have some sensations on the skin like: Tingling, itching or burning around their mouth.
These symptoms can recur periodically, and the frequency varies from person to person.
The gold standard for diagnosing HSV-1 infection is HSV-1 serology.
Treatment: topical Docosanol, a saturated fatty alcohol is safe and effective against oral herpes. It is approved by FDA.
Also, the current recommendation is oral valacyclovir (2 grams twice daily for one day).
Effective antiviral medications include acyclovir and penciclovir.
Famciclovir or valacyclovir, taken in pill form, can be effective using a single day.
In immunocompromised patients, more aggressive treatment is needed.
People with symptoms of oral herpes should avoid oral contact with others including: kissing, oral sex, sharing objects that touched saliva.
It can be transmitted from oral or skin surfaces that appear normal; however, the greatest risk of transmission is when there are active sores
Symptoms of Genital Herpes:
Genital herpes can be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms that go unrecognized.
When symptoms occur, it characterized by one or more genital or anal blisters or ulcers. Additionally, symptoms of a new infection often include fever, body aches and swollen lymph nodes.
After an initial episode, which can be severe, symptoms may recur.
Genital herpes or type 2 herpes transmitted during sex through contact with genital or anal surfaces of someone infected with the virus. HSV-2 can be transmitted even if the skin looks normal and is often transmitted in the absence of symptoms.
In Case of genital Herpes, Primary infections with multiple ulcerating lesions will resolve after approximately 19 days, regardless of treatment interventions.
Treatment:
Acyclovir 400 mg tablets orally, 3 Times per day, for 7 to 10 days.
Valacyclovir 500 mg. 2 times per day. For 7-10 days.
In immunocompromised people, both herpes can have serious and severe symptoms, including meningoencephalitis. Brain inflammation. It can be fatal in case of both of herpes types.
Such cases treatment can be aggressive and chronic.
Epidemiology.
Herpesvirus type 1 is very common. It affects almost 67 % of population.
Herpesvirus type 2 is less common. It affects 13 % of world population.
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Human reproduction is complicated and important, and it’s going to take a four-part series for us to cover it. Today, we’re kicking that off with the female reproductive system, starting with how sex hormones affect oogenesis and ovulation, continuing through how the ovarian and menstrual cycles mature and release oocytes, and creating a comfy uterine environment for a fertilized egg.
Pssst… we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
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Chapters:
Introduction: Human Reproduction 00:00
External Female Reproductive Organs 1:49
Ovaries Structure & Function 2:28
Ovarian Follicles and Oogenesis 3:15
The Ovarian Cycle 4:05
Fallopian Tubes 6:53
The Uterus 7:10
The Menstrual Cycle 7:45
Review 9:11
***
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